Performance Evaluation of Humidified Hydrogen in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Abstract

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are a promising clean energy technology that convert chemical energy into electricity. SOFCs are distinguished by their fuel flexibility and tolerance for hydrogen impurities, unlike Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC). This makes them versatile and suitable for integration with existing energy systems. However, SOFCs degrade overtime due to high operating temperatures and fuel impurities. Steam, a byproduct of novel hydrogen generation methods, is a potential impurity that can impact SOFC performance. While steam can inhibit carbon de- position and internally reform fuel, excessive amounts can negatively affect electrical output. This research systematically investigates the effect of steam on SOFC performance by varying steam concentrations in hydrogen fuel. The results show that steam in hydrogen reduces the output voltage and power generated by SOFCs. Possible explanations for this observation are detailed. The set temperature was well maintained throughout each experiment, thus it had little effect on the voltage. Fuel utilization also remained constant in each individual experiment. Steam reduced the available active area on the anode and consequently reduced electrical output. The data collected will provide insights into the impact of steam on SOFC performance and degradation, leading to improved models and efficient hydrogen utilization. This research contributes to the advancement of SOFC technology and the transition to a low-carbon energy system.