Tuning space mapping: the state of the art

Abstract

Electromagnetics (EM) accuracy and circuit-design speed can be achieved simultaneously through a tuning space mapping approach. Tuning space mapping is based on the intuitive idea of “space mapping” and an EM-simulator-based tuning methodology. We briefly review the state of the art of computer-based optimal tuning of microwave circuits. We explain the art of microwave design optimization through our “tuning space mapping” procedures. These procedures involve various distinct types (e.g., Type 1 and Type 0) of so-called auxiliary fine model (fine model with tuning ports) and tuning models (auxiliary fine models augmented with tunable or tuning elements). We demonstrate the implementation of these sets of models through simple examples. We provide application examples utilizing commercial simulation software. Our purpose is to help engineers at large understand tuning space mapping methodology and to inspire new implementations and applications.