The Influence of Ancient Cultures in the Formation of Modern Day Medicine: A Comparative Review

Abstract

Infectious diseases have remained a widespread concern for as long as humans have existed. With the recent increases in medical research and capabilities through advanced technology, it is essential to return to its origins, which can be seldom attached to ancient civilizations. In particular, this paper reviews Ancient Egyptian and Ancient Greek ideologies and practices; namely, the four humors encompassing the Hippocratic approach, as well as extensive records of papyri. These records detail various infectious diseases and their corresponding treatments, which were at the forefront of medicine during their respective periods. The aim of this study is to elucidate ancient cultural beliefs on the origins of disease, methodologies, and approaches to infectious health conditions, and conclusively health, diet and lifestyle. Their potential and current implications in modern medical practices are also explored.