Experiences of Canadian Women using Cannabis for Fibromyalgia Symptom Management: A Qualitative Description Study

Abstract

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex chronic pain disorder affecting approximately 3% of Canadians, predominantly women over the age of 40. Characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive impairments, and delayed diagnosis, FM often results in significant personal and healthcare challenges. Traditional pharmacological treatments are frequently ineffective, leading individuals to explore alternative therapies such as cannabis. Despite increasing legalization and accessibility in Canada, limited research has explored how women with FM use cannabis to manage their symptoms. To address this gap, a qualitative descriptive design was employed to capture the lived experiences of fifteen women with FM who currently or previously have used cannabis therapeutically. Participants were recruited from six Canadian provinces. Semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually via Zoom and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four key themes emerged: (1) Cannabis as a Core Component of Fibromyalgia Management – participants described cannabis as transformative, helping with pain, sleep, and quality of life; (2) Barriers and Challenges to Cannabis Use – participants experienced stigma, lack of medical guidance, high costs, and difficulties determining dosage; (3) Cannabis Use in Daily Life – participants emphasized intentional, self-monitored use to balance symptom management with daily responsibilities; and (4) Advice for Healthcare Professionals – participants advocated for nonjudgmental, patient-centered care that legitimizes cannabis as a viable treatment option. This study highlights the perceived value of cannabis in FM management and the persistent barriers faced by women using it for therapeutic purposes. Findings underscore the need for improved education among healthcare providers, increased affordability and accessibility of medical cannabis, and the promotion of collaborative, stigma-free care.