Unequal burden: High rates of activity limitations in transgender and gender-diverse populations

Abstract

This study fills a critical knowledge gap by using Canada's 2021 Census—the first national census to collect gender identity data—to compare specific types of activity limitations (e.g., mental, cognitive, mobility) across cisgender, transgender, and non-binary individuals. Prior research has typically used non-representative samples or aggregated gender-diverse populations, limiting visibility of disparities. By disaggregating both gender identity and types of limitations, this study provides a comprehensive and nationally representative understanding of health inequities in Canada. These findings can inform targeted policies and inclusive program planning for gender-diverse populations.