In arms: Exploring the effects of military sexual trauma on intimate partner relationships

Abstract

Introduction: Sexual misconduct is a pervasive and deleterious issue within military contexts. Commonly cited psychological sequelae of sexual assault include anxiety, depression, suicidality, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as interpersonal relationship functioning issues. The experience of military sexual trauma (MST) is unique in that the environment in which the harm occurs, the culture, plays a significant role in the impact of the harm on survivors. MST is often also related to feelings of institutional betrayal and moral injury. While clinical treatment of interpersonal trauma history is common, there is a lack of research regarding the development and efficacy of clinical interventions used with couples affected by MST. The objective of the thesis is to examine how dimensions and impacts of MST affect intimate partner relationships. Methods: A multi-method qualitative approach was taken in the thesis, including a scoping review and two narrative reviews, contextualized using primary qualitative data in the conclusion chapter. Results: MST affects dimensions of intimate partner relationships including communication, trust and attachment, intimacy, conflict, aggression, as well as sexual function and satisfaction. The present work highlights the unique considerations for those affected by MST, suggesting that the relationship between adverse psychological outcomes, such as PTSD, and relationship distress appears to be greater for military than among civilian populations. While clinical work aims to amplify positive outcomes within couple relationships, and reduce individual symptomatology, there exists a lack of interventions tailored to meet the needs of couples affected by MST specifically. Discussion: The present thesis contributes to the growing understanding of how MST affects intimate partner relationships, as researchers and clinicians continue to seek to improve supports available for military members. The work is an appropriate start to inspire and inform future research, identifying existing gaps in the literature spurring on forthcoming work that aims to improve the wellbeing of military-connected intimate partner relationships.