Social Problems of First Century A.D. Christians Studied in the Context of Corinth

Abstract

Corinth is chosen as the setting for this thesis since the Pauline Corinthian letters yield much first hand information concerning the problems the new Christians were facing. A general description of the history, social atmosphere, and architecture of Corinth is given in order to establish a background in which the study can be made. Two specific problems are addressed. First, that of "Porneia" ("Sexual immorality.") A definite prohibition against all extra-marital sexual intercourse causes the Christians to identify marriage as a necessity for those desirous or in need of sexual fulfilment. This is in contrast with the Greco-Roman attitude towards marriage, namely that it provided only one of several possibilities for sexual fulfilment, and was primarily for the purpose of child-bearing. The second problem addressed is that of eating "eidolothuta" ("meats offered to idols.") Paul distinguishes between circumstances when specific practices of pagan worship are present, and when they are not present. In the former.situation, the Christians were not to eat; in the latter, they were permitted to eat. For the Christians to comply with St. Paul's instructions concerning each of the two named problems, it meant limiting their social activities in various ways. The result may have been restricted social, political, and financial prosperity, as-well as eventual hatred and abuse by their contemporaries.