Socially Prescribed Programs for Unpaid Caregivers

Abstract

Unpaid or informal caregivers provide care or support to a family member, relative or friend with a disability, illness, functional limitation or age-related condition. Due to their duties, unpaid caregivers face an increased incidence of burden, loneliness, isolation and a decreased quality-of-life. Aging populations and rising rates of conditions such as dementia are expected to increase the number of unpaid caregivers globally. Social prescribing may offer a means to alleviate the disproportionately negative health outcomes unpaid caregivers experience as a result of their duties. However, limited research exists on how socially prescribed programs may affect the health and wellbeing of this population. This thesis presents a protocol, an addendum, and a scoping review manuscript that maps the existing literature on socially prescribed programs for unpaid caregivers. Using qualitative content analysis, this review found that a variety of arts-based, physical activity, and nature-based interventions were more commonly provided and often designed for both caregivers and care recipients to participate in together. Methods of referral or entry into programs varied, including self-referrals, community-based referrals, and healthcare referrals. Socially prescribed programs were described to have positive effects on the physical, mental well-being unpaid caregivers. These programs also described benefits in the social well-being of unpaid caregivers by fostering strong social support networks, enhancing confidence, and reinforcing caregiving competencies. Logistical benefits such as cost and transportation support were observed, although transportation challenges and scheduling conflicts were also seen as common barriers to participation. Given the promising landscape of socially prescribed programs for unpaid caregivers, future research should focus on evaluating the specific effectiveness, scalability, and long-term benefits of these programs. Policy efforts should aim to integrate these programs more comprehensively into community-based care settings, ensuring they are accessible, holistic, and tailored to the unique needs of unpaid caregivers.