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http://hdl.handle.net/11375/28682
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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.advisor | Pelton, Robert | - |
dc.contributor.author | He, Gaoyin | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-06-26T14:09:59Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-06-26T14:09:59Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2023 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11375/28682 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Antimicrobial N-halamine polymers can continuously protect the surfaces by actively killing microbes on the surfaces. The proposed work is aimed at exploring factors influencing the antimicrobial efficacy of water-soluble, anionic polychloramides. There are four themes covered in this dissertation: In the first theme, water-soluble, anionic polychloramides (PC3Cl) were reported by first reacting poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) with primary amines and then chlorination with bleach. It was observed that anionic, water-soluble polychloramide was an effective, antimicrobial biocide. In addition, the flexible anionic polyamides can be grafted onto cellulose filter paper in the catalyst and reagent-free conditions, and after chlorination, the PC3-treated paper has biocidal activity. The second theme is to identify the polychloramide’s structure – biocidal activity relationships. The contributions of polychloramide molecular weight (MW), configuration, and the overlap concentration, C* in solution were evaluated. The polymer-modified Chick−Watson (PCW) model indicated that lower MW polymers and more compressed configurations of polymers in solution were more effective biocides. Experimental results supported the conclusions. In the third theme, environmental nonmicrobial soils may degrade the performance of polymer biocides. Single component model soil was employed to evaluate the biocidal activity of anionic polymers, cationic polychloramides, and cationic poly(quaternary ammonium) biocides in non-microbial chemicals. The results demonstrated that negatively charged polyacrylic acid (PAA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) inhibited cationic biocides by sequestration but did not influence anionic polychloramides. Glycine and bovine serum albumin (BSA) lowered the biocidal activity of the anionic and cationic polychloramides by extracting oxidative chlorine. Anionic antimicrobial polymers could have advantages over cationic counterparts in highly soiled applications. In the fourth theme, to enhance the antimicrobial activity of anionic polychloramide, an imide shuttle approach was proposed. Three low molecular weight imide model compounds, including 1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (HDMH), 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH), and succinimide (SI), were employed to evaluate the biocidal influence of water-soluble, anionic polychloramides. The results demonstrated that small imides shuttled oxidative chlorine from soluble, anionic polychloramides to bacteria, thus increasing the biocidal activity. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.title | Water-soluble, Anionic Polychloramide Disinfectants | en_US |
dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
dc.contributor.department | Chemical Engineering | en_US |
dc.description.degreetype | Thesis | en_US |
dc.description.degree | Doctor of Engineering (DEng) | en_US |
dc.description.layabstract | The persistence of various microbes on high-touch surfaces has emphasized the importance of long-lasting surface disinfectants. Dilute bleach has been widely used to clean contaminated surfaces. However, dilute bleach can not provide residual antimicrobial activity after drying on the surfaces. The core objective of this research is to explore the novel film-forming polymer platform, which extends the non-infectious time of bleach-cleaned surfaces. Novel water-soluble, anionic polychloramides were specifically designed with the reaction of maleic anhydride groups and primary amines. I identified water-soluble and anionic polychloramides could display residual antimicrobial properties. I illustrated the linkages between polymer structures and biocidal activities. In addition, I demonstrated the antimicrobial efficacy of anionic polymers over cationic counterparts in a highly soiled environment. Finally, I proposed a new approach to enhancing the biocidal activity of anionic polymers. | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | Open Access Dissertations and Theses |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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He_Gaoyin_ finalsubmission202306_degree.pdf | 4.7 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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