For the Sake of the Whole: a Theological Examination of Dostoevsky's Elder Zosima Via Sergius Bulgakov

Abstract

The goal of this project is to organize and clarify the various theological ideas broached by Zosima, the enigmatic Elder of Dostoevsky’s Brothers Karamazov. I argue that the dogmatic theology of Sergius Bulgakov proves to be especially helpful in this regard. By examining the teachings, sayings and actions of Zosima in the light of Bulgakov’s major theological trilogy, On the Divine-Humanity, I aim to demonstrate conceptual resonance between the two. Through the lens of Bulgakov’s dogmatic theology, we can, I argue, better assess the cosmological, anthropological and ecclesiological themes that arise sporadically in the Elder’s dialogue throughout the text. By connecting Bulgakov with the character of Zosima, I hope not only to anchor Zosima theologically, but also to reveal the dramatic contours of Bulgakov’s theological project. The paradigm that emerges from a cross-examination of Zosima and Bulgakov is, I claim, a holistic theology centered on the dynamic interpenetration of God, man and the cosmos. I conclude that the concept of a divine milieu binding all things together in mystical communion, Bulgakov’s “Sophia,” serves to effectively consolidate Zosima’s diverse theological ideas.