The Survival and Decline of the Evangelical Identity of the United Church of Canada 1930-1971

Abstract

<p>Relying on original research and breaking with the dominant interpretations offered so far by historians, this thesis argues that the United Church of Canada maintained an evangelical institutional identity between the 1930s and 1960s despite the fact that its leaders did not hold evangelical beliefs. For a variety of reasons, these leaders found it expedient to promote institutional practices of evangelism, moral reform, and Christian education that embodied evangelical characteristics and therefore projected an evangelical image of the church to its members and the public. At the same time, they personally rejected key evangelical beliefs, a fact that was reflected in the intentional omission of these beliefs from successive official theological statements of the church, although frankly non-evangelical sentiments were rarely found in such statements. This leadership paradigm, which coupled non-evangelical beliefs and evangelical institutional practices, endured into the 1960s.</p> <p>The tensions inherent between the non-evangelical beliefs held by church leaders and their promotion of evangelical institutional practices made it increasingly difficult for leaders to maintain this paradigm from the 1950s onward. Finally, a series of long-term and short-term catalysts both inside and outside the denomination which converged in the mid-l 960s caused church leaders to abandon the evangelical institutional practices of evangelism, moral reform and Christian education that had defined the church in preceding decades, and simultaneously to state openly their "liberal," non-evangelical beliefs. The result of this major shift, and the ensuing public controversy, was the collapse of the old paradigm and the public redefinition of the United Church as an unambiguously non-evangelical institution. Based on new research into the institutional activities of the United Church after 1930, this conclusion challenges traditional interpretations that have either overlooked the continuing evangelical practices of Canada's largest Protestant denomination or overestimated the extent of its commitment to evangelicalism in this period.</p>