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MacSphere is McMaster University's Institutional Repository. MacSphere brings together the institution's scholarly works under one umbrella to preserve and provide ongoing open access to them. MacSphere works have been selected and deposited by members of the McMaster community as part of our collective committment to sharing our knowledge with the world.

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LABORATORY VANE TESTS ON DILATANT SOILS
(1963-04) John Schroeder; Wilson, N. E; Civil Engineering
This thesis describes a study of the influence of pore-water pressures on the measurement of shear strength of remolded silt by the laboratory vane apparatus. A device to prepare saturated soil samples and an experimental technique to measure poro-wator pressures on the failure surface produced by rotation oi the vane ore discussed. Experi mental results of vane tests conducted in conjunction with pore-water pressure measurements on remolded silt samples and laminated silt samples are presented and discussed.
The influence of sleep and exercise on endothelial function and atherogenesis
(2026) Cherubini, Joshua M; MacDonald, Maureen J; Kinesiology
Mendelian randomization studies show causal associations between genetically predicted short sleep durations and atherogenesis. Engagement in exercise training, conversely, staves atherogenic adaptations by tempering myelopoiesis and preserving endothelial function. Sleeping patterns and exercise engagement therefore represent two critical lifestyle factors that can shape the human atherosclerotic landscape. The concomitant effect of these two lifestyle factors on atherogenesis within the same organism may elicit a net neutral response, or a response wherein hormetic stresses imposed by exercise exacerbate the atherogenic adaptations that are associated with shortened sleep. We performed several experiments to examine and enumerate the nature of these interactions, and hypothesized that greater cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise may mitigate negative adaptations associated with sleep disruption. In our first study (Chapter 2), we found that acute partial sleep deprivation did not alter endothelial function or arterial mechanics. Cardiorespiratory fitness, proxied by VO2peak, did not moderate the arterial responses associated with acute partial sleep restriction. Our second and third studies (Chapters 3 & 4) used experimental models of comparatively prolonged instances of perturbed sleep to show that endothelial dysfunction induced by perturbed sleep was only partially reversed by engagement in voluntary exercise. We also found evidence to suggest that exercise did not reverse a mildly inflamed and metabolically-dysregulated circulatory milieu that was imparted by curtailed sleep. Rather, our data suggest that interactions between disrupted sleeping patterns and arterial function may be mediated by shear stress and associated hemodynamic forces experienced by the vasculature. In study four (Chapter 5), we enumerated the hemodynamic shear waveform patterns that may confer atheroprotection. We decomposed shear rate waveforms to find that increased amplitudes of lower frequency shear spectra associated with improved measures of endothelial function across multiple experimental paradigms. This thesis adds to a growing body of research that suggests atherogenic adaptations may be controlled by interactions between arterial hemodynamics and lifestyle factors. We propose directions for future research that may employ stringent standardization and higher temporal resolution around outcome measures to further enumerate the interactions between sleeping patterns and exercise on cardiovascular control.
NATURAL VARIATIONS IN THE ISOTOPIC CONTENT of SULFUR AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
(1951-05) John Macnamara; Thode, H.G
A mass spectrometer investigation has been made of the relative abundance of the sulfur Isotopes obtained from a wide variety of terres trial and msteoritic sources. Variations up to 6.5 and 3*25 percent have been found in the concentration of 8^ and S , respectively. This would mean a corresponding variation of 13 percent in the concentration of S^. The variations were determined with a precision of 0.1 percent. In general, sulfates are enriched in the heavier isotopes; sulfur of organic or bac terial origin is depleted in the heavier isotopes, whereas the isotopic content of meteorites is remarkably constant and coincides approximately with the average isotopic composition of terrestrial sulfur. A one to one correlation has been found between the isotopic abundance of the sulfur in sedimentary sulfides of marine origin and the deposition age of the sample. The close agreement between theoretical and experimental results indicates that these variations in the abundance of the sulfur isotopes are related to the differences in the chemical properties of isotopic sulfur compounds.
Simulation of memory effect in soft spherical phases
(2026) Yang Yang; An-Chang, Shi; Robert A., Wickham; Physics and Astronomy
Memory effect in soft spherical packing phases, where an ordered phase recovers its initial structure after a heating and cooling cycle, is studied using the time-dependent Landau-Brazovskii theory. Structural evolution of ordered phases is simulated following a protocol where the system is first subjected to a high-temperature annealing and then quenched to a low-temperature. The erasure and recovery of the structural information of the initial state under different thermal conditions are examined via the time evolution of free energy, density fields, scattering function, and particle level metrics (number, size and shape of particles). The simulation results reveal that the low-temperature evolution of an ordered phase subjected to a high-temperature annealing could be classified into three types. Type-I evolution is observed in systems subjected to short high-temperature annealing times, where structural information of the initial state is preserved. In the subsequent low-temperature evolution, the system recovers to the initial stable or metastable state via local structural adjustments, and the relaxation dynamics follows a time-temperature supposition principle. Type-II evolution is observed in systems subjected to long high-temperature annealing times, where structural information of the initial state is completely erased. At low-temperature, soft particles re-emerge at random positions to form a disordered liquid-like state initially, followed by the eventual formation of the equilibrium ordered phase. In between these two types of evolutions, the system exhibits an intermediate behaviour within a narrow window of high-temperature annealing time. Here, partial memory about the initial state is retained after the high-temperature annealing process and, at low-temperature, the system could recrystallize into the original metastable state or the equilibrium phase depending on residual particle number density.
Images in the New Testament: An Interdisciplinary Iconology for Biblical Interpretation
(2026) St Pierre, Ashley; Land, Christopher D.; Boda, Mark J.
“Images in the New Testament: An Interdisciplinary Iconology for Biblical Interpretation” Ashley St Pierre McMaster Divinity College Hamilton, Ontario Master of Divinity, 2026 This thesis explores different ways to think about images and how they are meaningful in order to work towards a theory of imagery for biblical interpretation, engaging with biblical iconology to clearly define imagery and its use in the NT in a way that better accounts for cases of ambiguous image appropriation and association. Several distinct fields of study relating to experiencing and understanding representations and their associations each contribute something valuable to the interpretation of NT imagery. A hermeneutical theory of imagery in the NT should attempt to integrate these interdisciplinary insights thus offering a more sophisticated and nuanced understanding of imagery and its use. The thesis proposes that such a theory would benefit from synthesizing theoretical frameworks drawn from notions of visuality, textuality, semiotics, metaphor theories, and cognitive science.

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