MacSphere Collection:http://hdl.handle.net/11375/173182024-03-29T07:25:19Z2024-03-29T07:25:19ZThe world of the newbornMaurer, DaphneMaurer, Charleshttp://hdl.handle.net/11375/295952024-03-18T13:18:35Z1988-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: The world of the newborn
Authors: Maurer, Daphne; Maurer, Charles1988-01-01T00:00:00ZAsymptotic profiles of the steady states for an SIS epidemic reaction-diffusion modelAllen, Linda J. S.Bolker, B. M.Lou, YuanNevai, A. L.http://hdl.handle.net/11375/289322023-10-12T20:35:00Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Asymptotic profiles of the steady states for an SIS epidemic reaction-diffusion model
Authors: Allen, Linda J. S.; Bolker, B. M.; Lou, Yuan; Nevai, A. L.
Abstract: To understand the impact of spatial heterogeneity of environment and movement of individuals
on the persistence and extinction of a disease, a spatial SIS reaction-diffusion model is studied,
with the focus on the existence, uniqueness and particularly the asymptotic profile of the steady-
states. First, the basic reproduction number R0 is defined for this SIS PDE model. It is shown
that if R0 < 1, the unique disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotic stable and there is no
endemic equilibrium. If R0 > 1, the disease-free equilibrium is unstable and there is a unique
endemic equilibrium.
A domain is called high (low) risk if the average of the transmission rates is greater (less)
than the average of the recovery rates. It is shown that the disease-free equilibrium is always
unstable (R0 > 1) for high-risk domains. For low-risk domains, the disease-free equilibrium is
stable (R0 < 1) if and only if infected individuals have mobility above a threshold value. The
endemic equilibrium tends to a spatially inhomogeneous disease-free equilibrium as the mobility
of susceptible individuals tends to zero. Surprisingly, the density of susceptible for this limiting
disease-free equilibrium, which is always positive on the subdomain where the transmission rate is
less than the recovery rate, must also be positive at some, but not all, places where the transmission
rates are greater than the recovery rates.2008-01-01T00:00:00ZNot Back To Normal: Social Assistance in Post-Pandemic OntarioFerdosi, MohammadGraefe, PeterLewchuk, WayneRoss, Stephaniehttp://hdl.handle.net/11375/289222023-09-22T17:55:57Z2023-09-19T00:00:00ZTitle: Not Back To Normal: Social Assistance in Post-Pandemic Ontario
Authors: Ferdosi, Mohammad; Graefe, Peter; Lewchuk, Wayne; Ross, Stephanie
Abstract: The report analyzes the experiences of Ontarians during the first seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic, from March to October 2020, and updates them with information from follow-up interviews in the summer and fall of 2022.2023-09-19T00:00:00ZInterventions for reducing late-onset sepsis in neonates: an umbrella reviewAbdul RazakOmar Ibrahim, AlhaidariJaved Ahmedhttp://hdl.handle.net/11375/283042023-02-06T04:54:25Z2022-08-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Interventions for reducing late-onset sepsis in neonates: an umbrella review
Authors: Abdul Razak; Omar Ibrahim, Alhaidari; Javed Ahmed
Abstract: Objectives
Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths in neonatal intensive care units. Hence, it is essential to review the evidence from systematic reviews on interventions for reducing late-onset sepsis (LOS) in neonates.
Methods
PubMed and the Cochrane Central were searched from inception through August 2020 without any language restriction. Cochrane reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing any intervention in the neonatal period and including one or more RCTs reporting LOS. Two authors independently performed screening, data extraction, assessed the quality of evidence using Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, and assessed the quality of reviews using a measurement tool to assess of multiple systematic reviews 2 tool.
Results
A total of 101 high-quality Cochrane reviews involving 612 RCTs and 193,713 neonates, evaluating 141 interventions were included. High-quality evidence showed a reduction in any or culture-proven LOS using antibiotic lock therapy for neonates with central venous catheters (CVC). Moderate-quality evidence showed a decrease in any LOS with antibiotic prophylaxis or vancomycin prophylaxis for neonates with CVC, chlorhexidine for skin or cord care, and kangaroo care for low birth weight babies. Similarly, moderate-quality evidence showed reduced culture-proven LOS with intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis for preterm infants and probiotic supplementation for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Lastly, moderate-quality evidence showed a reduction in fungal LOS with the use of systemic antifungal prophylaxis in VLBW infants.
Conclusions
The overview summarizes the evidence from the Cochrane reviews assessing interventions for reducing LOS in neonates, and can be utilized by clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and consumers for decision-making and translating evidence into clinical practice.2022-08-01T00:00:00Z